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The atmosphere visibility is obstructed by contaminants

Táchira urban disorganization reflects a still life in public eye
Improper disposal of overhead wires, trash, graffiti, advertising and the deterioration of commercial and residential buildings generate visual pollution in Tachira state

María José Aguilar
mjaguilar5@gmail.com

The lack of a planned urban development in Tachira generates a number of factors that alter the natural environment of the state, such as transportation, housing, provision of services like water and visual pollution that has produced a radical transformation, with the city of San Cristóbal one of the most affected by the presence of various contaminants mainly by advertising, and urban deterioration, which have developed enormously without any preventive organization.

Excess wiring on public utility poles, buildings with designs that do not control the linearity of the buildings where the facade of the urban fringes are disproportionate in terms of uniformity, as well as advertising, billboards, ads and banners of various sizes, colors, arranged on the sidewalks and green areas of the city, are some examples of visual pollution that persists within the urban area san cristobalense .

Plan to develop
Architect Experimental University of Táchira (UNET), Alfonso Arellano, said that "San Cristobal has a visual chaos for lack of a planned urban development, because it describes, identifies trying to organize, plan and provide transportation services, water, electricity, to order the location of activities in large cities. "

To Arellano, urban chaos immediately creates visual chaos, "because many areas are not developable and people build without thinking about the sort of town, crowded the area, which collapses all services, waste garbage, sewage, and cables in order to have light in their homes. There is no logic in urban mobility, "said Arellano.

The long-term urban planning promotes a structure in the cities that would foster the development of generally adapting the buildings, roads, and various services to the level of population growth, modernization and creating a vision of a metropolitan system suitable for coexistence among citizens.

From residential to commercial area
Arelys Méndez, Architect of the Experimental University of Táchira (UNET), said "Barrio Obrero sector is the biggest example of visual pollution that may exist, as it has a combination of all elements that pollute the landscape, especially the wiring that is most evident in the area, and the disordered structures at local houses. "

This reflects the move that gave Barrio Obrero a purely residential area to a shopping area mixed use, since there are daytime and evening activities, becoming a sector with vitality at all times, preventing the peace that is required for a residential-only area.

Therefore, there is excessive advertising, and the buildings at different levels, and electrical wiring bonded together. "There are people who build up to three stories making their homes in places, placing facades of different materials with warnings from the field they belong, is a natural industry transformation to a very fluid business," he said Méndez.

addition, according to Mendez, Plaza Los Mangos ceased to be a recreational, "his eye is not clear by political propaganda and the tip of the Church The Angel is at the same level as the poles and signs, and at night is illuminated Barrio Obrero for the ads of different sizes and colors found on the main streets. "

Legal measures
advertising laws or ordinances in St. Kitts provides govern the activities of commercial advertising and propaganda that are exercised permanently or temporarily in the city establishing the payment of taxes by their placement and permit application, but provides no guidelines to prevent visual pollution.

Architecture For the specialist, Arely Mendez, a recent case of a breach of the provision of advertising is evident in a well-known shopping center located on Highway Antonio José de Sucre from the Las Lomas, "each day has increased fences in that area, which the ordinance the distance between them should be at least 200 meters, and there are one after another with little separation, which is not required. "

In this regard, the Architect of the Ministry of Popular Power for the Environment-Táchira (MinAmb) Colmenárez Moses said, "is prohibited place advertising billboards Avenue opposite the shopping center is located on Barrancas sector, only authorized the placement on an avenue in which they are currently two miles of ground space with a separation between each hurdle of 76 m2 approximately, be an extra-urban area away from homes that do not cause a negative environmental impact. "

existing regulations dating from 1977 as the Zoning Ordinance Barrio Obrero, the Master Plan for San Cristobal from the years of 1983 and a Pan of Planning that has some legal practices, without specifying in detail the prevention of some environmental problems.

also Miguel Labrador, Town Planner at the Ministry of Popular Power for the Environment- Táchira (MinAmb), commented that "these legal instruments are very old, and a very generic, with the lack of clear objectives, targets and strategies by the need to modernize the city, and needs to be modified and adapted to the new needs. "

"Solutions spasmodic"
also to Labrador, Tachira and Venezuelans are generally used, "a spasmodic solutions, in which there is a need and solve it, but not see the need macro, the real problem, and create large projects, because what happens is not planned and budgets are not subject to development plans. "

meet to reach an adequate planning to avoid any contamination, "should be organized to meet the planning, manage the execution of that planning, and exercise control over her policies, aims to enable work year after year , ie there is continuity in all established governments, "said Labrador. Specifically

the visual pollution control by citizens is to place notices within their local areas with appropriate sizes, and even without bright lights and few, if events take the banners to spend 24 hours, and organize the communities by establishing parameters within the dwelling sector.

Beyond the Architect collaboration of city dwellers Arely Mendez, also believes that "should be regular and not eliminate advertising, setting standards but that meet other than a dead letter, and would also be desirable to use advertising in urban furniture such as bus stops and not the walls as graffiti or the middle of the sidewalk with the fence. "

To start a city planning in the city culture is due to a joint effort between government troops and ordinary society, beginning with the updated laws attaching here with the facts and monitor compliance, protecting environmental areas, and the elements fundamental natural for coexistence, and recognize that any contamination is not a problem for specialists, but of all. "It should be clear that we live and share this world with other people, who expect respect and whom we respect, that is civilization," the architect of the UNET, Alfonso Arellano.

Infographic: María José Aguilar / Source: Arely Mendez and Web Architect Institute of Civil and Environmental Protection, Chacao

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Asovac celebrates forty years of the Regional Festival Science

prevail Social Sciences in scientific projects of young tachirenses
Under Visibility Week and Popularization of Science, Technology and Environmental Education, youth from different schools and colleges of Táchira their creativity in scientific

Núñez María José Aguilar
mjaguilar5@gmail.com

In this edition of the Festival XL Regional Youth Science held since 1968 by the Venezuelan Association for the Advancement of Science (Asovac-Táchira), with the purpose of arousing interest in children and adolescents in various areas of scientific and technological exhibits this Youth work week tachirenses basic education and diversified facilities Anthropological Museum of Táchira, showing greater motivation this year for the social sciences, shifting the area of \u200b\u200bLife Sciences in previous years dominated scientific projects. This

Youth Science Festival takes place during the week of Visibility and Popularization of Science, Technology and Educational Environment which takes place from 23 June to Friday 27 November. Asovac-Táchira integrates the organizing committee of these activities and the Museo del Táchira, as an initiative of the Ministry of Popular Power for Science and Technology (MPPCT) and the Foundation for the Advancement of Science and Technology of Táchira (FUNDACITE) .

Therefore, Mery Moncada, Program Coordinator Youth Festival Cienc Asovac ai-Táchira, said in the State openness and participation to make scientific and technological research, "This year there was an increased interest in the area of \u200b\u200bSocial Sciences, second technology jobs and the least amount of work is of Bioscience, taking into account that in previous years was a branch that was in first place." Mery

Moncada, Program Coordinator Youth Science Festival in Asovac-Táchira / Photos: Aguilar, María

Also, this week for the Popularization of Science in states other than scientific and technological projects for students, organized cultural activities such as theatrical performances, traditional dance and music, complemented by workshops, forums and lectures by teachers academics and researchers of Táchira.

innovative Participants in the Youth Science Festival presented forty scientific papers and technology, such as Montessori schools, Christ the King, Subway, Cervantes, Our Lady of Consolation, and also public institutions like Liceo Antonio José de Sucre Bolivarian, Las Americas Rubio's population, the Liceo Militar Jauregui La Grita.

also found jobs in the Bolivarian High School "Constantine Emilio Guerrero of San Cristobal, where girls as Bella Ortiz, Alba Moreno, Yenny Rosales and Alfonso Leidy, all fifth-year trainees showed their diverse project based on the "aerodynamic car design, pollution, health and recreation of the people."

For these students the goal of building the car aerodynamic blood drive, as Bella Ortiz said, "is to restore the values \u200b\u200bof the past, recalling the old carriages to transport, and also recreation and fitness of any person, preventing air and noise pollution because it has a horn that does not bother minimum and cause noise, no motor, and therefore not emit gases that pollute. " Bella

Alba Ortiz and Moreno, two of the four creators scientific project based on the creation of a transport light / Photo: Aguilar, María

These students required the use of theories and concepts of the disciplines Physics and Mathematics, so the student Alba Moreno, said that "it required a flow chart to graph algorithms, and the magnitudes of speed, and it was determined that the circular shape of the car, and plastic in back so do not cut the fluid lines of the wind and can prevent loss of speed. "

Alyelebe, that was the name assigned to the vehicle resulting from scientific work of these students, who built in just one month, starting with the design of the plane, and then constructed and subjected to various tests rating their performance, using materials and bicycle parts, in some cases new and used that collected as other nuts, and finally paint all the parts.

Awards for outstanding
This project and the other 39 exposed at the Festival of Asovac, are supervised by a qualified jury is composed of researchers and academics, where the directors of projects for 10 minutes to go to the jury expressing both the methodology, practice and results of scientific work, and from there the judges questions and make suggestions to students.

Moncada, Coordinator Youth Science Festival, said: "Judges take into account creativity, innovation, methodology, approach and performance objectives that are well supported and argued." Since the goal is to select only four works of the forties presented and take them to the National Youth Festival of Science, which would be a delegation of eight students accompanied by two teachers institutions.

Results of the scientific project of students in grades five,

"Alyelebe, aerodynamic car blood drive / Photo: Aguilar, María

The results will be published on the closing day of the week Science, Friday, June 27, so that the students have created the streamlined car, Alyelebe, are on the lookout, as Bella Ortiz said that if they participate at the national level, "we would try to carry the same message of non-pollution and recreation to rescue many activities that have forgotten, and represent our state the best way. "

Finally, the interest of young students Táchira state is lifted by the participation in work have a significant and varied scientific and technological content, increasing the innovative capacity of adolescents and the desire for research, as indicated Moncada "This Festival is a tradition that allows all young people to present research, and today the public are children who were forty years ago."

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Youth Creativity and ingenuity are reflected in the ASOVAC annual convention 2008. Táchira

Melissa Gomez Di Tomaso
Melisiviris@hotmail.com

As every year, the Association for the Advancement of Science (ASOVAC) held its annual convention in the framework of Science Week which took place from Monday 23 June and runs until Friday 27 the same month in the science room of the Anthropological Museum of Táchira.

High school students and d various schools and colleges in the state were the stars on Thursday 26, as they held the exhibition of scientists and chemists. The public assistant varied other consisted of students from high schools, university professors of houses of study such as Universidad Nacional Experimental del Tachira (UNET), Universidad de Los Andes (ULA), the Catholic University of Táchira (UCAT), among others, students these same houses of study, and the general public.

varied topics ranging from educational software design, to toothpaste based on chamomile, is one of the attendees a project to promote fish consumption in children of Tachira , more precise, the consumption of pacu through nuggets.

The idea of \u200b\u200bthis project is to its creators, Emily Angulo, Morales and Maria Fabiana Daza, juniors Nazareth College undergraduate who wanted to attack the problem of low intake of fish tachirenses children between 7 to 12 years of age. Looking for ways to introduce the fish meat in the diet of children take for example the nuggets of fast food chains, and decide to make a few nuggets, but in this case of tambaqui.

The pacu is a freshwater fish native to the Orinoco basin, which can be grown by aquaculture, which makes the price of this fish is very cheap. This last quality is what makes the creators of this project is used for the preparation of these nuggets.

In the study they conducted found that children of Tachira are quite reluctant to eat fish meat, and should focus on three key factors for the development of your product: odor, color and flavor. Since young children tend to repel food with strong smells, such as fish.

For the preparation of these nuggets of cachama used two formulas, one based on cornstarch and another made with mashed potatoes, in a survey after the investigation determined that 75% of children who consumed both preferred products of cornstarch as the mashed potatoes pacu had smoked and that gave him a strong flavor to the nuggets.

The creators of this project hope to someday be able to market your product, to bring it to housewives to include a healthy diet fun way of life of children Tachira, replacing junk food.

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Museum is a cultural heritage dating back the past of Táchira Táchira

Táchira archaeological wealth reconstructs the evolution of historical epochs

María José Aguilar
mjaguilar5@gmail.com

• Táchira Museum preserves a collection of anthropological and archaeological
• Archaeology is a science that studies ancient civilizations, through their material remains
• The archaeological chronology is determined in Paleo-Indian, Meso Indio, Indian and Indo Hispanic Neo
  

The State is a significant number of archaeological findings have led to comparisons between the various ethnic groups spread throughout the region in order to analyze their migration, culture and customs. The Museum of Táchira is responsible for directing the Department of Anthropology since 1976 succeeded in reconstructing the pre-Hispanic culture tachirense discoveries that date back to 7000 ª. C Mezo period from Indio.

Táchira The Museum is located at the premises of an old hacienda in charge of the coffee harvest, such as the Hacienda Paramillo. It currently has 10 rooms, in which nine are constantly open to the public, while only one is open for exhibitions and private group tours, as well as the presence of a newly opened building that houses species related to the natural sciences such as Geology, Flora and Fauna.

The Museum handles certain disciplines like archeology, science of ancient societies, anthropology, science that deals with the study of man and History, a science that studies the evolution of humanity. It manages a network of museums scattered throughout the territory tachirense as they are, Queniquea Museum of San Simon, Barker, Capacho, Delicias and San Antonio.

Sources tachirenses
For the years 1970 and 1960 when the Museum had begun Táchira archaeological research, Tachira in Venezuela and in general there was a pronounced development of archeology. However, today the state has many discoveries found in excavations in the different municipalities. The anthropologist and director of the Museum of Táchira, Reina Duran, told a press conference that "there is significant archaeological discoveries that show us that there was an indigenous population, not as nomadic, but with a great culture and techniques developed." Anthropologist and director of the Museum of Tachira, Reina Duran / Photos: Aguilar, María

numerous excavations have been conducted in the state, as in Garcia de Hevia, Delicias, San Joaquin Navay, Capacho , Queniquea, and the municipality Ayacucho. The most important sites that have established the characteristics of the older groups, found in the northern part of the state, Seboruco, specifically in Las Tables and Santa Filomena. According to Duran, "these sites have abundant remains of snail shells, which were used for food, and stone objects such as rocks grinding and hammers. "

Features like these prove that the ethnic groups that populated lands owned tachirenses one organization, allowing them to cope with activities such as feeding, hunting, farming and housing. Similarly, a well researched and analyzed site is located in Queniquea Hills, where he was an Indian village, "where you can see some terraces in the hills, with some peculiarities that we evidence the remarkable cultural development based on buildings with architectural techniques" said Duran.

Suspected Paleolithic
Before you dig Archaeology specialists hypothesized in relation to other findings, taking into account geographical circumstances and the type of field to select the appropriate technique and begin the process of excavation. Anthropologist Reina Duran, has been considering the hypothesis of the existence of Paleolithic sites, for paleontology, a science that studies the animals and plants that existed in different eras.

therefore presumed Durán in Tachira is a mega fauna, as in Puerto Santander in the municipality of Los Patios, Colombia near Tachira border to these species were found. "These large animals like the mammoth walk in packs, along the banks of rivers, and usually where the man are they to hunt and feed on them, and if there are remains in Puerto Santander is likely that here too "said Duran.

Through all archaeological discoveries have been able to establish an approximation of the number of people who settled the region in pre tachirense Hispanic, according to the criteria of the anthropologist Durán, for the 30 buildings found in terraces or hills Queniquea and taking into account the number of rooms as well as cemeteries and graves discovered "one can speak of about 32,000 indigenous inhabitants."

addition, through investigations have found a variety of archaeological and ceramic vases, ornaments such as necklaces, utensils hunting and feeding as grinding stones, and hammers, shells and bones. At the same time, more remains that sheds light on the historical evolution of Táchira anthropologist Reina Duran is planning some excavated from San Juan de Colón, for an investigation before it allowed to handle certain hypothesis of the existence of archaeological material there.

excavation in El Ceibal
belonging to a cemetery with human remains buried in difrentres
archaeological levels / Photos: Aguilar, María

These investigations have to present the origins of Tachira, culture and customs indigenous peoples who inhabited the prehistoric age, and Hispanic, bringing the people of Táchira to its roots, displayed on the premises of Anthropological Museum of Táchira, as for its director, Reina Duran, "should never be forgotten our ancestors. "

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Museum opens its doors to students

Melissa Gomez / melisiviris@hotmail.com

Museo del Táchira

Táchira

The museum opens its doors again to the dissemination of culture and knowledge in this occasion with a press of the anthropologist Reina Duran to 4th year students of Social Communication, Journalism mention Scientific, which began with a tour of the exhibition halls with various counts the museum.

are 10 rooms that make up this museum exhibition circuit, starting with the oldest evidence dating back as seven thousand years BC The guides have given us a room by room tour explaining each object found and its history, are open to clarify any questions you have visitors.

The tour culminates in the new room, the Natural Sciences, which attracts a lot of visitors for animal content in this area have dried several animal species and imitating their surroundings for guests to imagine life of these mammals.

The press conference began with a video, property of the Museum Tachira civilizations on pre - Hispanic, which in a didactic way explains a little history of anthropological discoveries he made this institution. Later came the chief guest, in this case, the anthropologist and director of the Museum Reina Duran, who after a brief introduction by one of the organizers of the event began to explain what are its excavations by the Táchira.

After completing his explanation of the work done in the museum and is the treatment given to each of the pieces found in their annual journeys, they opened the series of questions and answers where all stakeholders had the opportunity to clarify their doubts.

The conference is open to the public was not exclusively for students of Social Communication, students of 1st year of school diversified Bolivariana de Vega de Aza were doing the tour of the facilities also attended to learn a little anthropological work done in this institution.

El Museo del Táchira works Tuesday through Friday, 9 am to 5.30 pm, Saturdays and Sundays from 10 am to 6 pm, and the invitation is for everyone interested in knowing where we come to approach their facilities located at Hacienda Paramillo, for a journey through the history of Táchira will not forget.