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The interplanetary spacecraft and space life

Today May 25th you can attend the penultimate Conference Cycle on Earth into space.

interplanetary space missions are primarily scientific, for solar system exploration and improving our knowledge about it. Such missions have been present since the beginning of the space race, with missions from the former Soviet Union and EE U.S., which later joined ESA missions and Japan, and recently in other countries such as India and China: interplanetary missions respond to a wide variety of types: from fly-by missions of solar system bodies; missions orbiting bodies like Venus, Mars, the Sun and the Moon, missions to bring to Earth samples of various celestial bodies such as comets and asteroids, and Mars rover missions, until released to land probes on the surface of Mars or Titan.

As its name suggests, interplanetary missions are typically composed of a complex trajectories, since leaving Earth's gravity field with hyperbolic trajectories, heliocentric arcs passing between fly-bys of planets, and gravity-assisted trajectories (fly-bys) around planets or bodies, which makes them generally missions long time. For example, ESA's Rosetta mission, which aims to settle and analyze the core of a comet, was launched in February 2004, arriving in the vicinity of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in May 2014 after a trip more than 10 years that includes three fly-bys of the Earth, a Mars and other asteroids belt. These periods as long these missions give a special character with short periods of high activity (ie, fly-bys) and long periods of inactivity, in which, for reasons of energy saving, the spacecraft are in a state of hibernation, with the vast majority of electronic devices disconnected except for communications systems, command decoding and the power system.

These missions are also characterized by the complexity of communications between the ground segment and the spacecraft, due to the large distance (eg over 1,000 million miles), causing significant delays between signal emission and reception and the need for communication have to be very directional, requiring pointing and calibration systems for highly accurate ground antennas. Communication takes place through deep space stations, with antennas such as 26, 34 and 70 meters in diameter.

The epic interplanetary missions will be the twenty-first century, and allow us to deepen our desire for knowledge about the solar system, which responds to human need to explore new worlds and allow us to begin the colonization of this new world, with projects for manned missions and both permanent bases on the Moon and Mars.

Ismael Lopez, director of Deimos-Space
Miguel Bello, head of the group Deimos

CosmoCaixa
Artist Velazquez, s / n 28100 Alcobendas

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